น้ำตาลทรายทำมาจากอะไร

น้ำตาลทราย ตาม พรบ.อ้อยและน้ำตาลทราย พ.ศ. 2527 น้ำตาลทราย หมายความว่า น้ำตาลที่ผลิตได้จากอ้อย และหมายความรวมถึง น้ำอ้อยซึ่งเคี่ยวเป็นน้ำเชื่อมหรือรูปอื่นเพื่อใช้ในการผลิตน้ำตาลทรายและ ในกรณีที่มีการนำผลพลอยได้มารวมเพื่อคำนวณราคาอ้อยและผลตอบแทนการผลิตและ จำหน่ายน้ำตาลทราย ให้หมายความรวมถึงผลพลอยได้ด้วย
น้ำตาลทรายมีชื่อทางเคมีว่าซูโคส (Sucrose) ซึ่งเป็นน้ำตาลโเมลกุลคู่ ระหว่าง ฟรุกโตสรวมกับกลูโครส นิยมนำมาทำอาหารและเครื่องดื่มแทบทุกชนิดและนิยมใช้ในทุกประเทศ น้ำตาลทรายนอกจากจะได้จากอ้อยแล้ง ยังสามารถผลิตมาจากพืชชนิดอื่นได้ด้วย เช่น ต้นบีท อินทผลัม ข้าวฟ่างและต้นชูการ์เมเปิล เป็นต้น



น้ำตาลทรายมีให้เลือกใช้ทั้งแบบน้ำตาลทรายแดงและน้ำตาลทรายขาว น้ำตาลทรายแดงเกิดจากน้ำอ้อยที่ไม่ผ่านการฟอกสี มีรสหวานตามธรรมชาติ ในขณะที่น้ำตาลทรายขาวจะผ่านการฟอกสีให้มีสีขาวอ่อนๆ น่ารับประทานมากขึ้น
กระบวนการผลิตน้ำตาลทราย
โดยทั่วไปการผลิตน้ำตาลทรายมี 5 ขั้นตอนด้วยกันคือ
1. กระบวนการสกัดน้ำอ้อย (Juice Extraction)
2. การทำความสะอาดหรือทำใสน้ำอ้อย (Juice Purification)
3. การต้มน้ำอ้อย (Evaporation)
4. การเคี่ยว (Crystallization)
5. การปั่นแยกผลึกน้ำตาล (Centrifugaling)
เมื่อครบ 5 ขั้นตอนข้างต้นแล้วจะได้น้ำตาลดิบออกมา จะต้องนำน้ำตาลดิบดังกล่าวมาผ่านกระบวนการเพื่อให้ได้น้ำตาลทรายขาวดังนี้
1. การปั่นละลาย (Affinated Centrifugaling)
2. การทำความสะอาดและฟอกสี (Clarification)
3. การเคี่ยว (Crystallization)
4. การปั่นแยกผลึกน้ำตาล (Centrifugaling)
5. การอบ (Drying)
เมื่อจบกระบวนการอบแห้งแล้วก็สามารถบรรจุกระสอบเพื่อจำหน่ายได้ทันที จะเห็นว่าการผลิตน้ำตายทรายมีขั้นตอนที่ซับซ้อนและใช้เวลาพอสมควร
น้ำตาลทรายได้รับความนิยมมาช้านานเนื่องจากมีราคาไม่แพง หาซื้อได้ง่าย เก็บรักษาได้นาน ให้ความหวานสูง สามารถผสมในอาหารและเครื่องดื่มได้แทบทุกประเภทโดยไม่ทำให้รสชาติเดิมของ อาหารเปลี่ยนไปนั่นเอง

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